Abel Gance

Known for DirectingBorn 1889-10-25Died 1981-11-10Paris, France

Abel Gance was a French film director, producer, writer and actor. A pioneer in the theory and practice of montage, he is best known for three major silent films: J'accuse (1919), La Roue (1923), and Napoléon (1927). He was born in Paris in 1889. In 1909, he acted in his first film. He also wrote scenarios, and often sold them to Gaumont. During this period he was diagnosed with tuberculosis, fatal at the time, but he recovered. In 1911, with some friends he established a production company, Le Film Français, and began directing his own films. With the outbreak of WW I, rejected by the army on medical grounds, he started writing and directing for a new film company, Film d'Art until 1918, making over a dozen successful films. Charles Pathé underwrote his next film, J'accuse (1919), in which Gance confronted the waste and suffering which the war had brought. In 1920, he developed La Roue. He brought an unprecedented level of energy and imagination to the technical realization of his story, employing elaborate editing techniques and innovative use of rapid cutting which made the film highly influential. The finished film ran for nearly nine hours, but was edited down for distribution. In 1921, Gance visited America to promote J'accuse. He met D. W. Griffith, whom he had long admired. He was also offered a contract with MGM but turned it down. He then embarked on his greatest project, a six-part life of Napoléon. Only the first part was completed, tracing his early life, through the Revolution, up to the invasion of Italy, but even this occupied a vast canvas with meticulously recreated historical scenes and scores of characters. The film was full of experimental techniques, combining rapid cutting, hand-held cameras, superimposition of images, and, in wide-screen sequences, shot using a system he called Polyvision needing triple cameras (and projectors), achieved a spectacular panoramic effect, including a finale in which the outer two film panels were tinted blue and red, creating a widescreen image of a French flag. The original version ran for around 6 hours. A shortened version received a triumphant première at the Paris Opéra in April 1927. Throughout his life he kept returning to Napoléon, editing his footage, and as a result the original 1927 film was lost from view for decades. The dedicated work of the film historian Kevin Brownlow produced a five-hour version, still incomplete but fuller than anyone had seen since the 1920s. It was presented at the Telluride Film Festival in 1979, and the occasion brought a belated triumph to Gance's career, and made his name known to a worldwide audience. In the assessment of Kevin Brownlow, "...[Abel Gance] made a fuller use of the medium than anyone before or since". As well as his multiscreen ventures with Polyvision, he explored the use of superimposition of images, extreme close-ups, fast rhythmic editing, and he made the camera mobile in unorthodox ways – hand-held, mounted on wires or a pendulum, or even strapped to a horse. He also made early experiments with the addition of sound to film, and with filming in color and in 3-D. There were few aspects of film technique that he did not seek to incorporate in his work, and his influence was acknowledged by contemporaries and later by the French New Wave film-makers.Read more

Movies & web series

14 juillet 1953

The Woman Thief

Spécial cinéma

Encyclopédie audiovisuelle du cinéma

Camille

Cinépanorama

Napoléon Bonaparte

Poliche

Mater Dolorosa

Around The Wheel

Tillers of the Soil

Napoleon

Omnibus

Bonaparte et la révolution

Queen Margot

Marie Tudor

I Accuse

Magirama

La Roue

The Queen and the Cardinal

The Fall of the House of Usher

Marines et cristeaux

The Battle of Austerlitz

The Life and Loves of Beethoven

Le Roman d'un jeune homme pauvre

Abel Gance: The Charm of Dynamite

The Ironmaster

Blind Venus

Au secours !

I Accuse

Captain Fracasse

Four Flights to Love

Abel Gance, Yesterday and Tomorrow

The Tenth Symphony

Cyrano and d'Artagnan

Abel Gance et son Napoléon

Louise

Napoleon at St. Helena

Around the End of the World

Lucrezia Borgia

Tower of Lust

The End of the World

The Torture of Silence

The Madness of Dr. Tube

Barberousse

Deadly Gas

Le Portrait de Mireille

Molière